TD-NSAA患者生活质量显著降低、预后较差,且面临沉重经济负担
拓展阅读:
关于AA的发病机制,目前认为T细胞异常活化、功能性亢进造成骨髓损伤是原发性获得性AA的主要发病机制。新近研究显示辅助性T细胞亚群Th1/Th2分化偏移、调节性T细胞(Treg)及自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)调节功能不足、Th17、树突状细胞(DC细胞)以及巨噬细胞等功能异常甚至某些遗传背景都参与了AA发病4。以上发病机制提示AA的治疗可从减少骨髓损伤入手,抑制异常的免疫反应,达到缓解病情的目的。
IST作为AA最常使用的治疗措施,虽然短期疗效可观,但长期疗效并不理想。相关研究发现,AA患者(其中TD-NSAA患者占比49%)接受CsA治疗6个月总体应答率(ORR)达73%,接受抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)联合CsA治疗6个月ORR达74%3。然而,另一项研究显示TD-NSAA患者接受ATG联合CsA治疗12个月时,ORR降至56.7%6。此外,AA患者接受IST时疾病复发率、感染率均较高(11年复发率45%、10个月感染率38.5%)11,12。上述数据提示,TD-NSAA的治疗仍充满挑战,临床亟需更优治疗方案。
图1. AA治疗路线图
图2. TPO-RA的促造血作用机制
除上述海曲泊帕用于成人患者的研究之外,还有一项探索海曲泊帕用于儿童TD-NSAA患者长期随访结果的研究表明,海曲泊帕用于儿童患者,中、长期疗效较好且可保持稳定(6个月、12个月ORR均为75%)21。
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参考文献:
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